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= Gulliver's Travels Part 1. A Voyage to Lilliput = = By Jonathan Swift =

= **Gulliver's Travels: Wiki Overview** = This Wiki has been created to inform the reader about Jonathan Swift's satire, //Gulliver's Travels//. Written in 1726, the story details the excursions of the protagonist, Lemeul Gulliver, as he travels to four different fictitious worlds. For the purposes of this Wiki, our group focused on the first book of //Gulliver's Travels//, and his trip to the land of Lilliput. During Gulliver's time there, Swift creates numerous situations that serve as critiques of the ways of mankind. Nothing is spared as Swift satirizes politics, religion, relationships, and much more. In addition to examining the satire in //Gulliver's Travels//, this Wiki discusses several areas of expertise found in the story. Specifically, it will detail Power and Government, Architecture in England, Crime and Punishment, Contemporary City Life, and Foreign Relations. This Wiki will also contain information about the author, Jonathan Swift, and a chapter by chapter summary of Book 1. Finally, our group has created our own "missing chapters" where we imagine other potential travels of Lemeul Gulliver.

__**Individual Areas of Expertise Within Gulliver's Travels**__ //Sarah Harvey//: Power and Government //Matt Paulson//: Art and Architecture //Jessica Floyd:// Crime and Punishment //Candice Leung:// City Life Versus Country Life //Sam Hein:// Foreign Relations =Author Summary = Jonathan Swift (November 30, 1667 - October 19,1745) was an Irish author and journalist, as well as the Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin. Swift was born to Jonathan Swift Sr. and Abigail Eldrick, although Swift Sr. had died months before Swift's birth. Swift moved between Ireland and England throughout his youth and received his Bachelor's and Master's degrees from Trinity College in Dublin. Swift was ordained in the Church of Ireland in 1695. Swift began to publish political essays in the following years and he became the lead editor of "The Examiner," a leading Tory journal. When the Torries fell out of power in England, Swift returned to Ireland and became the Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin. He focused more on his writings and published his most famous works, including //Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal,// and //Drapier's Letters//. Swift remained in Ireland until his death in 1745 as his health deteriorated and some speculated he suffered from Alzheimer's disease. Jonathan Swift is widely regarded the world's premier satirist. He was highly critical of religion, politics, and the nature of man kind in general in his works and produced some scathing indictments of the world he inhabited. Swift is known as a master of both Horatian and Juvenalian satire.

= Chapter Summaries =

Chapter One
Gulliver, at the age of 14 attended Emanuel College in Cambridge, until the age of 17. After which he apprenticed to a Mr. James Bates, a well-known surgeon in London, for four years, during the same time he invested in learning navigation and other skills pertaining to travel. He left Mr. Bates to study medicine at the University of Leyden, in Holland for two years and seven months.

His first voyages were upon the Swallow, as the ships surgeon. These voyages lasted about three and a half years, taking him to the eastern Mediterranean. When he returned he married Mrs. Mary Burton, whose father worked on Newgate Street. After the death of his close friend Mr. Bates he returned to sea, traveling to the East and West Indies for six years.

He professes being fond of reading and learning about the other cultures and languages that he encounters during these voyages. He returned again to London, moving his business to Wapping in hope for getting sea faring clientele, his business went began to fail, and he set out for another voyage, this time aboard the //Antelope//, which would take him to the South Sea. He set out from Bristol on May the 4th 1699.

It was on this journey, on November 5th 1699 that the Antelope hit a rock and lost all hands, all except Gulliver, who fought his way onto the shore of Lilliput. When he awoke he found himself tided down unable to move. The people of Lilliput are astonished, fearful off him. He is feed and given wine, which has been treated with a sleeping potion. He is carried to the main city while he is asleep. He is cut from his bonds but his ankles are chained to the ground near his quarters. A old temple, the largest in the kingdom, which is unused due to a ‘unnatural murder’. This is a reference to the execution of Charles I. Chapter one ends with Guliver in a state of melancholy.

Chapter Two
Gulliver views the city for the first time. However he is ‘pressed by the necessities of nature’ (2334), and relieves himself in the temple that is now his home. He is immensely ashamed of this, and goes into detail about the how servants would be put into use to remove the ‘offensive matter’.

He describes the Emperor as the tallest of the Lilliputians, with strong and masculine features, with an ‘Austrian lip, and arched nose” (23355). He has an olive completion, erect posture, and a proportionate body. The Emporor is 28 and ¾ years old, which is past his prime. He seems to be the a model Emperor, healthy, strong, and graceful. His age gives him a quality of experience and wisdom. The Emporors’ approach to Gulliver, diamond infused sword drawn, indicates that he is brave and wealthy. In addition, his speech is articulate.

Though Gulliver is attempting to show his genteelness, in order to gain his freedom, there is one moment in particular that helps Gulliver win over the counsel that is debating over his release. Gulliver was shoot by arrows by six Lilliputions, who were gathered and brought to Gulliver for punishment. He jokingly places five in his shirt pocket and pretends to eat the sixth alive. He releases the man and removes all the others from his pocket. This story is relayed to the counsel, and it is then that they decided that they will not only keep him alive, but will feed and maintain him.

At the end of the chapter, Gulliver agrees to have his person searched for dangerous items. His positions include; a scimitar and scabbard, two pocket- pistols, with dry powder, a pocket watch, copper money and a purse with nine larger pieces of gold, a knife and razor, comb, silver snuff box, handkerchief and journal book. He purposefully hides his spectacles, pocket perspective, and some other items that he does not give by name.

Interestingly the Lilliputians believed that Gulliver’s watch was his deity, “we conjecture it is either some unknown animal, or the god that he worships: but we are more inclined to the latter opinion, because he assured us, that he seldom did anything without consulting it” (2338). Swift may be arguing that men are slaves to time.

** Chapter Three **
Gulliver begins to gain favor in the emperor's court and also among the Lilliputians as they find his temperament to be gentle and well mannered. He quietly hopes that his good behavior will soon earn him his freedom. Gulliver was anxious to be granted his freedom and looked for every available opportunity to please the Emperor and his court. He allowed the natives the pleasure of dancing atop his hand, the children to play hide-and-seek in his hair, and he made an effort in learning their language, but none of those deeds earned him his freedom. It was Gulliver's suggestion to create an arena in which the horseman could participate in training games that resemble battle, which allowed the Lilliputians the opportunity to train their military in the event they entered war that earned Gulliver his freedom for the Emperor found the military training pleasantly entertaining to watch.

The Emperor ordered an elaborate military celebration in honor of Gulliver's newly granted freedom. Gulliver was asked to swear allegiance to Lilliput and sign a contractual agreement containing nine specific rules he is to follow in exchange for his personal freedom.

** Chapter Four **
As his first act of freedom, Gulliver decides that he would like to visit the metropolis of Mildendo, as per his agreement with the Emperor Gulliver's request was granted and the citizens of Mildeno are given a two hour warning to find safe keepings.Gulliver gingerly explores Mildendo, a city populated by 500,000 people. The city layout is that of a square containing two main streets and many small alleys and lanes. The citizens lived in houses ranging three to five stories high. Shops and markets were plentiful accommodating the needs of the Lilliputians. At the center of the city was the Emperor's palace, which contained an outer and inner court with the royal family residing in the inner court. It has been nine months time since Gulliver first landed on the island of Lilliput.

Early one morning, the Principal Secretary of Private Affairs, Reldresal, pays Gulliver a visit at his new residence and congratulates him on his newly earned freedom. Unfortunately, Gulliver's freedom was not entirely self-earned since the Emperor is in the mist of battle between the evil within and aboard. The struggle within lies between the parties of Tramecksan and Slamecksan, also known as the high and low heels--the height at which each party wears the heel of their shoe. Meanwhile, the empire of Lilliput is in middle of a heated battle against the empire of Blefuscu. The two empires have been engaged in war for the past thirty-six years all because of a decree ordering all citizens "to break the smaller end of the eggs". (Norton, 2346)

The Emperor, Reldresal explains, hopes that Gulliver will assist the Lilliputians in defeating the empire of Blefusu, in which Gulliver heartily agrees to do.

** Chapter Five ** Gulliver spies on the enemy nation of Blefuscu, and comes up with the idea to cross the channel into Blefuscu, and to take away their ships. He makes some hooks and some cables, and then ties up the ships to drag them away. In Lilliput, Gulliver is praised and lauded for his job well done. The Emperor asks Gulliver to go back and grab the rest of the ships, but he refuses, since he does not want to encourage slavery. This infuriates The Emperor, and other government officials call for his execution. Three weeks later, Blefuscu surrenders to Lilliput. The diplomats from Blefuscu are told of Gulliver's kindness, and they request that he comes to visit. Gulliver also wishes to visit them, and The Emperor allows it. Due to his new high ranking, Gulliver no longer has to perform the duties that the contract had him doing. Soon, The Emperor's Wife's room catches fire, which Gulliver eventually puts out by urinating on it. Though successful in extinguishing the blaze, Gulliver worries that he will get in trouble for urinating in public, which is against lilliputian law. Fortunately, the emperor tells him he will be pardoned. His wife, however, refuses to live in her urine-coated room.

** Chapter Six **
Gulliver spends this chapter describing the customs and practices of the Lilliputians. Here, he describes the trees and animals, which are all to scale with the Lilliputians as well. He also says that the Lilliputians are well educated, but that their writing style (from corner to corner as opposed to left to right) is very odd to him. Gulliver also talks about the Lilliputian burial process, where the dead are buried with their heads pointing directly downward. The Lilliputians believe that at the end of the world, the earth will turn upside down and the dead will walk the earth, however the more educated Lilliputians don't necessarily believe in this custom. He also touches on the laws of the Lilliputians, for example the law that if one falsely accuses another of a crime against the state, they are put to death. To the Lilliputians, honest people are more threatened by liars than by thieves, and honesty is necessary for a healthy economy. Their law is also unique, since it is filled not only with punishments for bad behavior, but rewards for good behavior as well. Lilliputian children are not raised by their parents, but are sent to schools to live in at an early age, and are raised by the entire kingdom as a whole. Children generally only see their parents twice a year, unless they are the children of laborers, since their job is to farm. The poor are well looked after as well, so there are no beggars.

** Chapter Seven ** Gulliver is very excited to depart from Lilliput and set off on his voyage to Blefusci. However, as he is preparing to leave, a Lilliputian court official tells Gulliver that enemies in the government have charged him with treason. Gulliver finds out that he is going to be executed for public urination, disobeying the emperor’s orders to seize the remaining Blufuscu ships, making a trip to Blefuscu, and aiding the enemy ambassadors. Reldresal asks that Gulliver’s punishment be reduced. Instead of being executed, he suggests that Gulliver be blinded and starved to death slowly. Gulliver is informed that his punishment will take place in three days. In fear of this punishment, Gulliver escapes to Blefuscu. Three days after his escape from Lilliput, Gulliver discovers a boat big enough for him to fit in that is upside down in the water. The emperor of Blufuscu agrees to have someone help Gulliver to fix the boat. That same day, a message from the emperor of Lilliput arrives calling for Gulliver to forfeit his eyesight. The emperor of Blefuscu sends a message back to Lilliput saying that Gulliver will be leaving both of their kingdoms shortly. After nearly a month, Gulliver’s boat is ready to set sail. He sails back to England, and makes a large profit with his display of miniature cows and sheep that he acquired from Blefuscu.
 * Chapter Eight **

**Power and Government in Gulliver's Travels By: Sarah Harvey **



 Monica F. Jacobe’s scholarly essay titled, “Society Cannot be Flat: Hierarchy and Power in //Gulliver’s Travels //,” discusses Jonathan Swift’s establishment of hierarchy and power within his novel G //ulliver’s Travels //. Jacobe argues that Swift denies Gulliver’s attempt to alter his status quo, therefore making Gulliver unable to improve his hierarchical position in every world in which he finds himself. Jacobe argues that Swift is poking fun at the idea of a mobile society, more specifically King George’s monarchy in the 1700’s, in which a character such as Gulliver is unable to obtain his goal of climbing up and down the social and hierarchical structure. Ultimately, //Gulliver’s Travels // is satirical of government and hierarchy. It very clear within this novel that there is no set rhyme or reason to be able to move up in social or governmental position. In the country of Lilliput where the citizens are only six inches tall, Gulliver is immediately imprisoned upon his arrival. The king later decides that Gulliver’s size will be useful to him, and Gulliver is freed, which satirizes a governmental figure using people only to benefit himself or herself. Jacobe analyzes Gulliver’s following three voyages and his attempts to understand and advance in the governmental units of each individual country, but the main focus remains on Gulliver’s interactions between himself and the Lilliput government.

**The Square City: Palace in the State of Lilliput, and Architechture in Swift's Time By: Matt Paulson **



While //Gulliver's Travels// is accepted by many as an allegory and satire of eighteenth-century life, Vaughan Hart points out that the book is rife with architectural ideals from the Renaissance (as opposed to more modern ideals), especially in the description of the city of Mildendo, the capital of Lilliput. Mildendo is a square city surrounded by a wall, with two main streets dividing it into four equal parts and the Emperor's Palace at the crossroads. This square city follows the ideals of Hippodamos of Miletus and Aristotle of the ideal city. The idea of a square city was also a common theme in Renaissance architecture, thanks to St. John's vision of the Holy City of New Jerusalem in The Bible's final book. The city of Mildendo is also very similar to the city described in Sir Thomas More's //Utopia//.

The city and its layout is also considered to be referencing royal absolutism. The central location of the Emperor's palace (as well as the city's central location in the country) sets up the stage for the corruption of a state who's laws were just while its ruler was not. This central position facilitates the Lilliputian king's absolute control, with titles to describe him ranging from “Monarch of all Monarches” to “Delight and Terror of the Universe”. This theme is further echoed with the description of the Lilliputian court, which is described as magnificently ornate, and is likened to Versailles as the ultimate product of royal absolutism. Ultimately, Gulliver's size triumphs in a city so ornately designed, for no matter how splendid a structure may be, it is just as easily stepped on by accident as any other building in the city

What it all means:
What must be taken into account is the fact that Swift is a master of satire. Lilliput is designed to be the "ideal" city, but their ill-treatment of Gulliver, their massive precautions taken to ensure that Gulliver does not cause trouble, and their complete overreaction at even his slightest mistakes shows that the "ideal" is indeed flawed. The Emperor's palace is likened to the palace at Versailles not only to make a reference to the absolute power that he held, but also the massive and pointless spending associated with such an extravagant palace. Versailles was built by French King Louis XIV, who was also known as "The Spider King". Making the palace similar to Versailles draws the comparison between the two emperors, who both let their power go to their heads, and allowed for massive amounts of money to be poured into a palace, as opposed to being put towards the people.

Mildendo follows the architectural ideals of classical scholars, who were also referenced during the Renaissance for the construction of cities at the time. The Renaissance was the re-discovery and re-application of The Classics, and Mildendo appears to be "stuck in time" in the Renaissance. Since Lilliput seems to be quite the backwards place, Swift is by extent saying that focusing one's ideals on ancient scholars is just as backwards as well. By employing renaissance ideals into such a strange place, Swift is asserting his belief that modern ideals are better than classical ones, which he considers to be outdated. To Swift, it was time to move into the future, and not to just waddle in the past.

Architecture in Swift's time was dominated mainly by the Baroque movement, which placed an emphasis on making buildings look beautiful since they no longer had to survive through sieges as the castles of the past once had to. Baroque architecture tends to be filled with domes, colonnades (several columns placed in a row), and color effects designed to emphasize volume of structures by leaving voids. These types of structures tend to take up lots of space, which in turn made the buildings appear larger and grander. The exteriors of buildings also used chiaroscuro, which is an artistic technique where light and shadow are heavily contrasted against one another to make a beautiful building. The interiors of buildings also tended to be ornately decorated. As one would enter the manor of a wealthy Englishman, one would notice that the decor would become more and more ornate, finally coming to it's most extravagant in the room with the most prestige, such as the master bedroom, or a throne room.

**Crime and Punishment in England of the Eighteenth Century By: Jessica Floyd ** //(Asalto al Coche,// Francisco de Goya)

The Eighteenth Century, according to Oscar Sherwin article, //Crime and Punishment in England of the Eighteenth Century,// was a ‘brutal, bawdy, filthy stinking age (Sherwin 169). Times were harsh, and the number of poor living in London was staggering. According to a census in 1803 there were 1,040,716 paupers, and an additional 230,000 people listed under ‘ gypsies, idle and immoral persons, prostitutes vagrants and criminal offenders’ (Sherwin 172). During the Eighteenth Century all responsibility for problems regarding the support of the poor was handed down to the local parishes. Parishes during this time were not a place of safety for the poor, some of the worst offences that took place in parishes including the the murders of orphaned infant children, who were forced gin until they died. Drinking gin also became the only escape for the poor. It was said that in 1721 every tenth house sold liquor, and even prisons had a public house that sold gin (Sherwin 171). According to Oscar the practice of gin drinking killed thousands and contributed to the spread of thieving and other evils, which resulted in the noose gracing the necks of many. Though the time was graced by the romanticism of highwaymen, and the society of wig stealers, the reality is much more grim. There were no police, patrol or troops who guarded London’s streets, and those who set foot on them were almost guaranteed to be robbed by the desperate. The poor that did not resort of crime were sent to work houses, or died frozen or starved on the streets. Those who were caught and sent to jail were hung in public, theft was one of roughly two hundred crimes punishable by death.

The imaginary country of Lilliput has a very similar system to England regarding crime and punishment; most crimes are punished by death, no matter how petty the crime. However, Gulliver explains the Lilliputian maxim of reward and punishment. If a person has a spotless record, when they age ‘ seventy-three moons’ they are given privileges, a condition of life, money and an honorable title (2352). The Lilliputian image of Justice is a woman with six eyes, to symbolize ‘circumspection’ in her right hand she has a bag of gold and the other a sheathed sword. Which indicates the preference to give reward, but also the threat of sever punishment (2352).

The following are examples of crime and punishment in the first part of Gulliver’s Travels:


 * Crime || Punishment ||
 * Treason || Death ( Gulliver is punished differently. His punishment is to have his eyes poked out and to starve to death) ||
 * Fraud || Death ||
 * Ingratitude || Death ||
 * False Accusation || Death ||
 * Urination in precincts of the palace || Death ||
 * Telling fearful or silly stories || Public whipping, 1 year imprisonment, banishment ||
 * Breaking eggs on the smaller side || Death ||
 * Treating with Gulliver disrespect || Death ||


 * To treat Gulliver with disrespect would be punishable by death, “ His Majesty gave orders, upon pain of death, that every soldier in his march should observe the strictest decency with regard to my person” (2342).
 * In chapter five Gulliver explains the origins of a major faction ( the Tramecksan and Slamecksan) within Lilliput, which ultimately led to the formation of their rival Blefuscu. The Emperor’s father published and edict, “ commanding all his subjects, upon great penalties, to break the smaller end of their eggs” (2346). This is a reference to the rift between the Catholics and the Protestants in England. The punishment for breaking your egg on the small side was death, “ It is computed that eleven thousand persons have, at several times, suffered death, rather than submit to break their eggs at the smaller end” ( 2346)
 * The end of Chapter five, Gulliver puts out a disastrous fire in the palace, by urinating on it. He is apprehensive of the Emperors feelings about this de to the fact that it is a crime punishable by death, “ It is capital in any person, of what quality soever, to make water within the precincts of the palace” ( 2350). This crime is one of the offences that the Lilliputions charge Gulliver for treason with, later in story.
 * Chapter six goes into greater detail on crimes against the state, which are mostly punishable by death.
 * If a person is brought to trial and can prove their innocence plainly, the accuser is immediately put to death ( 2351), and he must pay in either goods or land for the trouble.
 * Fraud is considered worse than theft and is punishable by death. The belief is that a vigilant man can guard against theft but “ honesty hath no fence against superior cunning” ( 2352)
 * Ingratitude is a capital crime. The reasoning is “ that whoever makes ill returns to his benefactor, must needs be a common enemy to the rest of mankind from whom he hath received no obligation, and therefore such a man is not fit to live.
 * If nurses tell foolish stories to their young mistresses, they are ‘publicly whipped thrice about the city, imprisoned for a year, and banished for life to the most desolate parts of the county” 2352. This purpose of this is to discourage women from becoming weak from fear and foolishness.
 * Gulliver is charged with treason in chapter seven for disobeying the Emperor, by not destroying Belfuscu, by aiding the ambassadors of Belfucu, and for making a trip to Belfucu. His punishment is death, however his this is changed to having his eyes poked out and slowly starving to death.

__Crimes Punishable by Death in 18th Century England__
file:///Users/jessicafloyd/Desktop/Tyburn_executions_Elizabethan.jpg Links to Crime and Punishment in England//
 * Murder ||
 * Stealing from a shipwreck ||
 * Damaging Westminster Bridge ||
 * Stealing goods valued at five shillings (25p) or more ||
 * Highway robbery ||
 * Stealing letters ||
 * Poaching ||
 * Blacking yourself up at night ||
 * Impersonating a Chelsea Pensioner ||
 * Cutting down young trees ||
 * Begging without a license if you are a soldier or sailor ||
 * Bing in the company of gypsies for a month ||
 * ‘Strong evidence of malice’ in children 7-14 years old ||
 * Stealing horses or sheep ||
 * Wringing a threatening letter ||
 * Arson ||
 * Destroying turnpike roads ||
 * Unmarried mother concealing a stillborn child ||
 * Stealing from a rabbit warren ||
 * Robbery in a dwelling house ||
 * Housebreaking ||
 * High Treason Coining ||
 * Shop lifting ||
 * Pick Pocketing ||
 * Returning from transportation ||
 * Forgery ||

[[image:Highwayman.jpg]]
According to Oscar Sherwin, the profession of highwaymen was highly romanticized. During the 18th century, many people were forced into this profession in order to survive. However, Irish highwaymen were also a part of a popular resistance to British colonial rule. Some famous highwaymen include;

James Freney, member of the Kellymount highway gang, led by John Reddy. Caught and surrendered in 1749.

John Rann: son of a tinker, he later became a coachman for a wealthy family. He envied their lifestyle and began his career as a highwayman. John Rann is notorious for his extravagant dress, which often got him out of court when he was caught, for the witness could not accurately say that the well dressed man in court was the shabby highwayman who robbed them. His luck did run out eventually, he was caught by Jon Felidings Bow Street Runners, and sentenced to death in 1802

Though most highwaymen, were indeed men, there were a few noted highway-women! Mary Frith, and Lady Caroline Ferrers are two very famous highway-women. It is said that Molly had a wild spirit from the start; drinking, caring a sword and stealing at a young age. She was caught multiple times and branded at least four on the hand to mark her as a thief. She was sixty years old when she took the the highroad, during the civil war. An active royalist, she enjoyed robbing Parliamentarians. She was later caught and sentenced to death. However, she bribed the hangman and was released. She lived a the rest of her life as a thief, well into her seventies until she died (Famous Outlaws). Lady Caroline Ferrers was married to Lord Ferrers at the age of sixteen. Apparently she became bored with her sedentary life and took to disguising herself as a man and sneaking out of her house through a secret passage from her rooms. She was not quite sneaky enough, and was caught by a steward who did not 'inform' on her. When her husband died he revealed his knowledge of her outings. She stopped for a while, but soon after returned to the road. On one of her robberies she was shot, scrambled home and died of blood loss on her stairwell, she was twenty two (Famous Outlaws). Trailer of The Highwaymen. []

Henry Fielding, John Fielding and the Bow Street Runners
Henry Fielding (1707-1754) served as a chief magistrate, and was known as being honest, and fair. His biggest contribution to law was in 1749 (Literary Encyclopedia), when he established the Bow Street Runners. Fielding enlisted between six to eight parish constables to aid him in catching criminals. They were named the Bow Street Runners because they operated out of a magistrate on Bow Street(Suite101). They have been called London's first professional police force.

John Fielding (1721- 4 Sept. 1780), younger half brother to Henry Fielding. He was blinded at the age of 19 by a navy accident. He helped Henry form the Bow Street Runners and form the circulation of the 'police gazette' which was a published discriptions of known criminals (Fielding). He became a magistrate at Bow Street after Henry's death, and was knighted in 1761. The Bow Street Runners were later developed to the Bow Street Horse Patrol.



Link to an online game which allows you to investigate crime as a Bow Street Runner []

Newgate and Tyburn Prison
Newgate Prison, located on the corner of Newgate and Old Bailey street, is one of the oldest and most famous prions in England. It has been referenced throughout literature, and many famous persons were imprisoned and executed there. It was erected in 1188 by King Henry II, and used as a prison until 1902. (Newgate). Newgate acted as a general prison, debtors prison, and a holding pen for those awaiting execution by hanging. Over the years Newgate has been burnt, attacked, demolished and reconstructed many times. The Gordon riot of 1780, named after, Lord George Gordon, was one of the most violent and political riots against Newgate. The Gordon riots, started as a anti-Catholic protest against Papists Act 1778 (Gordon). This act eliminated many of the penalties against catholics which were enforced by the Popery Act of 1698 (Gordon). This protest soon turned into a riot. Newgate and many other buildings were attacked. Gordon was later imprisoned in Newgate and died there. Tyburn is another infamous prison in London, and known for having the "Tyburn Tree", which was a tall gallows, constructed three pillars and a triangular structure on top which allowed multiple people to be hung at once. (Tyburn). People were carried out publicly, on an ox drawn cart and sent to the Tyburn Tree or execution. The last man to be hanged at Tyburn was a highwayman named John Austin on November 3, 1783 (Tyburn).



BBC 2006 Inside Newgate/Old Bailey []

[]

Clip from the Highwayman, the escape scene: Features Tyburn Tree []

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 * City Life Versus Country Life and Identity in Stuart England By: Candice Leung **=====

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Joseph P. Ward’s essay “Imagining the metropolis in Elizabethan and Stuart London” described London as a city diverse in social classes and occupations with over half a million residents living in the city and its surrounding areas. The famed city was considered the heartbeat of the nation, filled with excitement and wonder—particular neighborhoods across the city identified with a specific trade or art—Westminster with the Court, Spitalfields with weaving, and the Bankside with Entertainment. Although it was true that London was home to people of varying economic classes the divide between upper and lower class was clearly defined. Many of the poor could not afford city life and instead settled in the suburbs of London in “filthy cottages” (Ward) and were considered “a blemish to so famous a city” (Ward).======

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As far as leisure activities go, trade guilds (or livery companies) were popular among the male citizens of London as a third them were involved in such an organization that allowed its members the ability to participate in the management of the city’s economic, religious, and civic affairs. Members were considered citizens, or Freemen of London, which many considered a prestigious honor as they were looked upon with favor among the general public.======

In 18th century England much of the leisure activities were subsidized by rich patrons. One such form of leisure was horse-racing, which was especially popular in Yorkshire County. Horse-racing was a community event enjoyed by citizens of varying social classes, especially the working class as it was an excuse to relieve them from their work. The racing season often started in March and ended in October to accommodate the harvest season as much of England was an agricultural society and their work was tied to the seasons. This was especially true for those who lived in the country. If possible, race days usually coincided with a fair or festival celebration such as the popular Midsummer because it drew bigger crowds. Refreshment stands were available for rent to those who wanted to sell food and beverages with the rent money going towards prize money for the winner. Although, Swift does not go into much detail about the daily lives of the Lilliputians he does, however, mention that the Emperor enjoyed viewing displays of medieval games for pleasure such as rope dancing and a jumping event that was a test of endurance and agility similar to the horse races enjoyed by the citizens of Yorkshire County.

Court proceedings were also a popular social event for the town’s citizens, especially if the verdict resulted in the criminal’s executions either by hanging or beheading. On the day of the execution, entire towns would gather at the town square to witness the deed. Executions acted as an alternative form of theatrics to towns without a theatre. Meanwhile in metropolitan London, citizens participated in leisure activities in a frivolous manner nightly. With the popularity of alehouses and the introduction of gin as an alternative to French brandy, the period known as the Gin Craze marked the beginning of the 18th century. Gin became extremely popular when the price for food dropped, allowing people—especially the middle class—extra income to spend elsewhere, most of which went to the purchase of gin. Suddenly the production of gin became an extremely lucrative business considering the large consumption of gin by the working class, even Queen Anne and government officials enjoyed and supported the English gin. Gin; however had its negative effects in English society since it was thought to be the cause of excessive public drunkenness displayed by its citizens, especially along Gin Lane. In an attempt to control the large number of publicly intoxicated Londoners, several Acts were passed between 1729 and 1751 discouraging people to drink gin.

Not only was London trying to eliminate the filthy behavior displayed by its citizen, it was also attempting to eliminate the filth on the streets. In stark contrast to Swift’s sophisticated Lilliput, London was still very much an uncivilized society. Trying to improve upon the city’s image, a series of turnpike trust and city paving commissioners were established to create a system of roads and to clean up the filth on the streets, respectively. Along with being responsible for the upkeep of the roads, turnpike trusts were also expected to figure out the logistics of the roads they paved. Additional responsibilities for the paving commissioners include adding adequate lighting in the streets. With the addition of lights on streets, a new career was created, the night watchman.



**"Gulliver in Lilliput" Foreign Relations in //Gulliver's Travels// By: Sam Hein ** In the scholarly article, “Gulliver in Lilliput,” author Shadia Drury examines how the satire in the Book 1 of //Gulliver’s Travels////Gulliver’s Travels// is rich with satire, and in this article author Shadia Drury does a splendid job of showing how Jonathan Swift was able to point out a flaw in how different nations perceived and treated each other in his world. critiques the foreign relations in the world that Jonathan Swift inhabited. Specifically, the article examines how countries that are military powers perceive and treat other nations that cannot match their military might. In Book 1, Gulliver travels to the land of Lilliput, where he is a giant. The majority of the world is one twelfth his size, although the inhabitants themselves are certainly less than one twelfth the weight of Gulliver. Drury notes that when he first arrived on the land and was bothered by the Lilliputians, Gulliver’s first instinct was to “grab the first fifty that came within his reach and smash them into the ground.” This perception of Gulliver towards the Lilliputians is undoubtedly Swift satirizing England’s attitude towards other countries in the world that could not stand up to their Army. Although the Lilliputians could stand for several nations, Swift probably had his native Ireland in mind, considering he had long been a critic of the two countries’ foreign relation. Drury also notes how timeless Swift’s satire is. It can easily be applied to present day America and its attitude towards countries with less developed militaries.

**Missing Passages** ** Candice: ** Although, there is one thing I would like to share with you, the audience.

A woman of Lilliput, not my dear friend Grace (who, if you don’t remember, I helped to acquit the charges of infidelity filed against her by that rat husband of hers), had become very fond of me during my two year stay on the island, although I don’t quite know if she was fond of me for me or rather for my stature as she did in a drunken murmur confess to me that her mother had always stressed the importance of coupling with a man who was well endowed, genetically that is.

According to the villagers, this woman had a fetish for all things big, maybe to compensate for her lack of size because even among the Lilliputians she was considered their tiniest citizen. According to the lady, she first laid eyes on me, when by way of ear, heard of my heroics as I solely extinguished the fire that inflamed the Emperor’s palace. From hence on she made a habit of visiting my residence every Saturday evening, with her she would bring the finest stock of food and wine, which she had diligently prepared for me starting in the morning; I believed it to be her intent to intoxicate me to the point of oblivion in the hopes that she could woo me to bed with her, but the poor dame try as she might never succeeded in doing so; her inability to keep a clear mind during conversations made her burden company rather than pleasant, in fact I cannot recall a time when she was sober.

Apologies for the digression, but this female admirer of mine had managed to sneak aboard the ship in my back pocket disguised as one of the many sheep presented to me by the Emperor of Blefuscu; this discovery was made when I was feeding the flock, instead of feeling the usual nibble the lady caressed my hand as I was feeding her some biscuit. Needless to say, her appearance was a surprise as I was beginning to erase all memory of her from my mind; this only made me hope that the journey home would be a rapid one because not only did I miss my family, but because I was in need of some form of familiarity and normalcy in my life after nearly two years under such an unusual environment.

** Matt: ** My admirer soon discovered that the ship had a large store of rare Japanese rice-wine in the cargo hold (called “sake”), a mere thimbleful of which would intoxicate her. She would often ask that I take her there, and while I suggested that she ride in my breast pocket, she insisted upon riding in my trouser pocket, claiming that it gave her a better view of the ship's mast. With little else for a creature of her size to do on a ship, and due to the fact that she did not particularly enjoy the other men on the ship, trips to the sake-hold became a daily occurrence. I had gotten permission from Captain Biddel for these excursions, which he was happy to allow on account of the tiny amount that the woman drank. Over the course of the entire trip, she consumed just over one full bottle.

I had begun to leave her in the room with a full thimble at times when I was needed as an extra hand on the ship, which she at first did not seem to mind. I would always return to ensure that she had not drank too much, and she was usually still awake by the time I had returned. This practice continued well into the journey, until one day when I had returned, and she was nowhere to be found. I searched about the room, careful not to accidentally step on her, when I heard a tiny shout from the next room over. I stepped through the door, and my admirer was in the middle of the room, facing off against a rat. Though the rat was rather small, it was comparatively the size of a bear. My admirer had found a sewing needle, which she used as if it were a rapier, prodding at the rat whenever it came close, keeping it at bay. The rat hissed at her, but was distracted enough by the potential meal to not notice me walking up behind it. I snatched it by the tail and lifted it up into the air, and it squirmed to escape my grasp. I was thanked profusely by the girl, who had not even begun to drink when the rat had apparently ambushed her. From that day onward, I made sure that I always had my eye on her, lest she not be as lucky the next time. She insisted upon keeping the needle for protection however, and I was happy to acquiesce. Sarah :** Now, dear reader, I must impress upon you the heroic nature of my dear Captain Biddel of Deptford. Without his courage and strength, I may not have lived to tell this tale. Now, I need not assure you of my impeccable swimming abilities, as I was the lone survivor of the shipwreck that brought me to the city of Lilliput. However, on the night of December 14, I was feeling rather under the weather; it was a rather intolerable headache, and for some unknown reason, I felt that an entire bottle of Sake would do me better pleasure than a good night's rest. Biddel made many efforts to talk me out of it, bless his heart, but I had most certainly made up my mind. Within thirty minutes of my first sip, I was incoherently roaming the ship. I do not remember much of this incident, but Captain Biddel was kind enough to inform me that I did not do much harm to anyone or anything, excluding myself.

I do recall the moment I regained my sense of reality, and that is when I became immersed in cold, icy water, looking up to see the light of the ship above me. I struggled maintain my composure in the chilling seawater, but my intoxicated nature did not aide in my endeavor. I looked up to see a few men crowded and peering over the side of the ship, pointing and causing a ruckus. I attempted to shout for help, but no words could escape my mouth before I would plunge back under the surface of the water, and in turn rising back above the water with nothing left to do except take another breath, unknowing as to which would be my last.

Suddenly, I felt something hit the top of my head. I flailed my arms above me, desperately attempting to decipher the object that I had most certainly felt. It was a rope! I wrapped my fingers around it with difficulty, as a rope is unquestionably hard to keep one’s grasp on in a time of peril and intoxication. I looked up to see Captain Biddel and a few other men hoisting me up by rope. After a difficult and exasperating fight, I was safely pulled up onto the ship.

No words that I will ever write, say or think will ever express my deepest gratitude for Captain Biddel and his heroic actions. But, as a lesson to all, take my advice to heart when I tell you to stay away from the Sake! **Sam** **:** I awoke the next morning from my drunken stupor, my dear readers, and found myself racked with an altogether new affliction. Captain Biddel informed me that my intense shivering combined with profuse sweating was the result of what seamen referred to as hypothermia. Although I had swore to never imbibe in the Sake again, I immediately felt the need for some liquid nourishment to counteract my feverish state. Unfortunately, upon smelling the dreaded Sake I had a flashback to the night before and yours truly began to vomit projectilely all across the cabin floor. Yesterday's dinner wound up getting all over Captain Biddel's finest boots, which enraged my captain to say the least. Before I knew it, I was once again tossed overboard and found myself stranded at sea.

Luckily, my attentive audience, within the half hour yours truly was discovered by a great ship of Pirates, roaming the sea. Do not be perplexed that I described my discovery with the word "luckily," for these were merry Pirates! They saw that my hypothermia had been exacerbated by my second trip into the sea and provided me with a medicine I cannot believe every physician I had previously visited lacked. Oh the moonshine we drank. The courteous Pirates introduced me to the single X brand, but drink by drink gave me increased courage and before I knew it we were telling trading stories amid swigs of the real deal XXX moonshine.

As I explained to you, loyal followers, this moonshine provides its consumer with courage they never had before. When my new comrades looked to me for their source of amusement, I cleared my throat and confidently began my favorite joke, "So a Pirate walks into a bar with a steering wheel sticking out of his pants. The bar tender asks him, 'Sir, what is that wheel doing sticking out of your pants?' The Pirate answered him, "Arrrrrr it's driving me nuts!"

For whatever reason, my impeccable listeners, the Pirates did not find that joke to be as humorous as yours truly. After being forced to walk the plank (so stereotypical), I found myself adrift at sea for the third time in two days. Praise the Lord however, and bless that moonshine. The drink kept me warm and awake and I was able to swim for miles until I found my ship from the day before. When Captain Biddel saw the water had cleansed me of any residue vomit, he agreed to let me back on board.

The remainder of the voyage was mostly uneventful. Clear skies and a solid wind brought us sooner in to London than I had expected. The odor was the first indication of our proximity to London; it greeted us before just as the first land was sighted. I do not recall that the capital of Liliput smelled as strongly, though this may be due to my height. This made me reflect, embarrassingly, upon some particular occasions before mentioned.
 * Jessica :**

Upon entering the mouth of the Themes I was bombarded with conflicted emotions. Relief and happiness to see people of my own size ( as well as food in proportion to my size) and to see my beloved family and friends again. However I was under distress as to what to do with my persistent female admirer. I had become accustomed to her size and manor, and her acceptance by the crew, who are accustomed to seeing extraordinary things, would be no way to base her reception by socialized society, and my wife. Just before we disembarked I was sure to give my admirer, an ample drink, in order to calm her small nerves. She was in her preferred spot, my left pant pocket, needle in hand, which gave me some apprehension, and soundly snoring as I stepped off the gangway.

Being unable to get word to my family, I was not received off the ship. I was grateful for this, for it allotted me some time to walk about and become reacquainted with the city. Not much of significance had changed in my absence; some of the good hotels had been sold and reopened. I checked my accounts and found that more had been spent than I had hopped. My wanderings landed me on Newgate, where there was some large commotion. Upon inquiry I was told that there was a hanging taking place, some famous highwayman, and a few other thieves. Through all the commotion I failed to notice the squirming in my pocket, or hear the small shouts of my admirer. Realizing that she would not be heard, she resorted to pricking me multiple times, her aim being particularly painful. I shouted in shock, and received some odd looks from those near me. I was in no mood to watch a hanging, and called a carriage to take me home.

<span style="background-color: #dfdfa5; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">** Modern Re-Write to the Missing Passages ** //Background: Gulliver is on a flight home after a successful business trip when the plane crashes. All passengers and crew die upon impact except for Gulliver, who luckily was in the bathroom lavatory when the plane crashed as the small compounds of the laboratory protected him from the harsh impact felt by the others on the plane. He is discovered by a tribe of miniature people, the Lilliputians. For two years, Gulliver assimilates nicely into Lilliputian culture that is until he is accused of high treason by the tribe chief. Gulliver manages to escape Lilliput with the help of a friend, who helps Gulliver find his way back to the interstate road where he successfully hitches a ride home.//
 * Candice: **

I seem to have left a small detail of my journey back home out. I’d like to share it with you. So lend an ear and listen carefully.

“This is a treat I promise you.”

During my stay with the native Lilliputians, a woman had become infatuated with me—not my friend, Grace though (She’s the one with the overly jealous scumbag husband, who falsely accused her of carrying on an extramarital affair with me, how absurd! I am not a philanderer; in fact I am a loving and faithful husband to my wife.)—this was another woman who will remain unnamed because frankly I don’t want to remember anything about her. Anyways, this woman feverishly stalked me at my residence (well, it was more of a hut) for the past nine months. Although, I’m certain that she was only attracted to me not because she found me particularly charming or good-looking, but because she found my physique appealing. On more than a few occasions, she’d drunkenly mutter to me that her mother, from a young age, had always stressed the importance of finding a man, who was well endowed, genetically that is.

“I know. I’m quite the tease.”

According to her tribe mates, this woman had a weird fixation for all things big since she was young, maybe to compensate for her lack of size as she had the honor of being the tiniest member of the tribe. The lady first became smitten with me when she heard I single-handedly extinguish the chief’s hut when it caught on fire due to the North Winds. After that incident, she was a frequent visitor at my hut where she performed native dances, chanted tribal hymns that were supposedly about of love, and left small handmade crafts outside my door. Every Saturday evening, she would show up with the most delicious selection of food and of course, alcohol. Silly girl thought she could get me drunk enough for her to seduce me to play a round of hanky panky, try as she might she never succeeded because I have a secret. I’m an Irishman!

“Bartender! Another round, please!”

Although, I appreciated her kind gesture of hospitality I found her rather unpleasant to be around as the lady was a drunk, and more often than none I found it hard to carry on a conversation with her. She was also rather handsy with me.

“Woman, keep your hands to yourself. These love handles are off limits!”

Sorry for the digression, but my miniature admirer managed to sneak into my change pocket. I discovered her when I reached for additional change to supply the kind truck driver, Biddie with the toll necessary to cross the turnpike. Needless to say, I was surprised to see her as I was beginning to erase all memory of her. This only made me wish the trip home will be a speedy one as I was longing for the warm kisses and hugs of my wife and kids. After two years, in such an unusual environment I was eager to return to normal life.

** Matt: ** Biddie, who I had been hitch-hiking with, eventually dropped me off at a gas station in a small town I can't remember the name of. The little Lilliputian girl had a taste for alcohol, so I bought her a bottle of beer. Fortunately for my wallet, that bottle ended up lasting her over the entire hitch-hiking journey all the way to New York! However, the drunker she'd get, the handsier she'd get too. As many times as I'd put her into my shirt pocket, she'd always throw a fit unless she was in my pants pocket.

"I'm afraid of heights!" she insisted, but she was a bad liar.

Anyways, back to the truck stop. She drank her bottle cap-full of beer faster than I could even blink, and was drunk before she could even drop the cap back to the floor.

"I gotta... I gotta pee", she said, stumbling and slurring as she did so.

"Alright alright, hold your horses. I'll take you to the bathroom"

"Kay... but you //can't be there, you'll watch!//"

"Well then I'll wait outside, alright?" and with that, I shut the door on her.

After a few minutes had gone by, I began to worry that she hadn't come out of the bathroom (the door of which I had left open a crack). I figured I would just leave her alone, so I got myself a few snacks for later, to eat while I attempted to hitch a ride. Several more minutes passed, so I decided I would check up on her.

I opened up the door and came in, and to my surprise, there she was facing off against a rat! She was slashing at it with a safety-pin that she must have found on the floor, but thfe rat kept hissing and coming closer. Fortunately for her, it's attention was so focused on her that it didn't notice me as I quietly walked up to it and snatched it by the tail. The rat hissed and flailed around, so I tossed it in the toilet and flushed. After that we waited out for another ride, but she insisted that she keep the safety pin.

"For protection!" she said, although I didn't know from what.

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Sarah: **

=
It is about time I mentioned the generosity and strength of Biddie, the truck driver I had been bumming a ride off of throughout this trip. Without Biddie, I probably wouldn’t be alive to tell this story. Although I have survived a plane crash and extinguished the fire in the Chief Lilliputian’s hut, I am not susceptible to the dangers of alcohol.=====

=
It was December 14 th, if I remember correctly. I had an epic migraine, and it was pretty unbearable. I decided, for some unknown reason, that attempting to chug one fifth of Smirnoff vodka would be a genius idea, as opposed to getting a good night’s sleep in the bed of the semi-truck. (To this day, I do not understand the logic associated with my actions, but that is now beside the point.) Biddie and my female admirer saw me take the first few gulps and tried to talk me out of it. I had my mind made up, though, and I am a very stubborn person, so their pleas did not phase me. Within thirty minutes of my first gulp, I was incoherently roaming the truck stop. I do not remember much from this night, but Biddie was nice enough to inform me that my drunken actions did not do much harm to anyone or anything, excluding myself.=====

=
I do recall the moment I regained my sense of reality, which was the moment I became submersed in icy cold water, looking up to see the lights of the truck stop bathroom almost 100 yards away. Somehow, I had managed to journey down to the river adjacent to the truck stop, and decided in my drunken stupor that it would be fun to go for a swim. When I realized what I had done, I flailed my arms and struggled to maintain my composure, but my intoxicated state of mind did not make things easy for me to stay above water. I was being carried downstream at a slow but steady pace. I could see a figure running towards my direction, but I could not decipher whether it was a human or animal. I attempted to shout for help, but no words could escape my mouth before I would plunge back under the surface of the water. I never knew which breath would be my last, so at each chance I got, I gulped in as much air as possible.=====

=
Suddenly, I felt something hit the top of my head. I desperately flailed my arms above me, trying to figure out what had hit me. It was an extremely large tree branch! I wrapped my hands around the prickly branches, but it was difficult to maintain a grip since I was so intoxicated. I looked up to see Biddie and another man holding the branch out to me. They yelled at me to hold on, and I grabbed the branch as tightly as my fingers would allow me to. After a few hoists, I was safely pulled to shore.=====

=
I thanked Biddie for all of his help, but no words could express how thankful I was for his courageous act of kindness. As a lesson to all, please believe me when I say that drinking an entire fifth of vodka is and never will be a proper solution for a headache; it only makes things worse!=====

=Sam**:**= I woke up after blacking out last night, my peoples, and had a whole 'nother issue to deal with. Biddie let me know that I'd gotten pneumonia after taking a friggin' swim in the river in the middle of the night. I promised myself I'd never drink Vodka again, but I was feeling so crummy I needed a drink for sure. I smelled the Smirnoff though, and promptly yaked all over Biddie's truck. I guess I spewed on Biddie's steel toed boots and he threw me out of the back of his truck!

Luckily, my homies, I got picked up by a group of gangstas in an El Camino after about a half an hour of hitch hiking. I know what you're thinking right...luckily? Don't worry about it, these were happy gangsters! They saw that I was suffering from pneumonia and they hooked it up with some medicine that every doctor should carry. Ether! Oh man, one sniff into this bandanna they gave me and I forgot all about my shivering and began to hallucinate. I wish they would have cut me off, but I took another sniff, and then a third straight out of the bottle. Before I knew it I was tripping balls.

I got out of the car, my brothas from different mothas, and started wandering around the streets like a jackass. Being the nice fellas that they were they parked the car and got out to keep an eye on me. I saw them from across the street waving to me to get me back to the car. I remembered them telling me what gang they were affiliated with, but for some reason my memory was just a bit hazy. I could have sworn they were with the Bloodz, so in an act of solidarity I put my hands upside down and together and made the 'blood' sign with my thumbs and fingers.

Whups. My posse, it turned out they were Crips and they did not find this funny at all. They started shooting at me and I dipped into an alley and ran/staggered away. It was just like the Crips to try and bust a cap in a fool over a simple misunderstanding. I waited till the coast was clear and made my way back out onto the street. The ether had me feeling funky and before I knew it, the building that I thought was a White Castle turned out to be the bathroom at a truck stop. I found Biddie's semi, apologized, and he let me back in the trailer.

Jessica:
The rest of the trip was easy. Little traffic and some good music on the radio made the trip feel a lot shorter than it really was. You could see the smog over the city before you could see most of the city itself. I couldn’t remember it smelling so bad, my time away from the “Big Apple” made me more sensitive I guess. I shook my head thinking about some of the stupid and embarrassing moments I had in Lilliput. Water under the bridge right?

As we were entering New York, my emotions were all confused. I was stoked to see my family, and to grab, some normal sized food ( New York pizza, yum), but what the hell was I supposed to do with my small stalker? I was used to her being so small, and so was Biddie, but what about the rest of New York? More than that, what about my wife? My gut told me this was going to be an weird situation. Gone for two years, come back with a tiny female follower. Speaking of which, I made sure to give her some extra to drink, just to keep her quiet for a while. She drunkenly climbed in my change pocket, and I couldn’t convince her to not bring her safety pin. She’s a stubborn woman, worse when she’s drunk.

I didn’t have access to a phone or Internet on my trip back, so my wife wasn’t expecting me. I wasn’t in a big rush, I wanted to look around a bit and settle my mind to being back in such a large city. Things were pretty much the same as when I left. A few more clubs, some old ones were gone, but overall the crazy city I remember it to be. Went to the bank to check my accounts, my wife had spent more than I thought, but not all that bad. There was so much going on, street venders selling knockoffs, cabbies yelling at each other, businessmen walking past me at warp speed. I saw a large group of people standing, walking toward them I realized that they were blocked off by police tape. I asked the guy next to me and he told me there was a guy holding up the bank and there were hostages. I didn’t hear my little admirer through all the commotion, so she resorted to pricking me with that damn pin! Lets just say she has fantastic aim. I got some strange looks from people near me, but its New York, nothing really surprises New Yorkers. I tired, and was kind of overwhelmed by all the noise and drama, so I walked over to hail a cab to take me home.

<span style="background-color: #dfdfa5; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">**Gulliver's Travels - The Movie!**

A Gulliver's Travels movie is currently in production! On December 22, 2010, Jack Black, Jason Segal, and Emily Blunt will star in a modern-day motion picture remake of Swift's satirical novel, //Gulliver's Travels//. This movie, directed by Rob Letterman, will depict Gulliver (Jack Black) and his adventures with the tiny citizens of Lilliput.

**<span style="background-color: #dfdfa5; display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: center;">Works Cited ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px;">"18th Century Highwaymen." //Famous Outlaws//. Criminalsit. Web. 29 Apr. 2010. <http://www.criminals.lt/list.php?c=english>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px;"><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Durry, Shadia. "Gulliver in Lilliput". //Free Inquiry//. Aug/Sept 2005. Vol. 25 Issue 5. Pg 19-21. Ford, Allan. //Gulliver's Travels - Jack Black//. 2008. Photograph. //Filmo Folia//. 6 Nov. 2008. Web. 6 May 2010. <http://www.filmofilia.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/gullivers-travels-jack-blac.jpg>.

"Gin Craze." //Wikipedia//. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 06 May 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin_Craze>. <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif;"> Gulliver With the Lilliputians. Digital image. Lone Star College System. July 2009. Web. 28 Apr. 2010. <http://www.lonestar.edu/departments/libraries/kingwood-library/gulliver.jpg>. ===**//<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;"> Hart, Vaughan. "The Square City-Palace in the State of Lilliput." //Papers on Language and Literature: A Journal for Scholars and Critics of Language and Literature 28.4 //(1992): 369-373. MLA International Bibliography. EBSCO. Web. 11 Feb. 2010.<http://libproxy.sdsu.edu/login?url=http:search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx direct=true&db=aph&AN=9511032048&site=ehost-live>//**===

//"Henry Fielding Biography: English Novelist and Playwright Famous for Tom Thumb."// Great Thinkers//. Web. 07 May 2010. <http://greatthinkers.suite101.com/article.cfm/henry_fielding_biography>. <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> Jacobe, Monica F. Society Cannot Be Flat: Hierarchy and Power in Guliver's Travels.Hierarchy and Power in Gulliver's Travels. Nebula 6.1, Mar. 2009. Web. Oct. 2009. <www.iiav.nl/ezines web/Nebula/2009/No2/Jacobe.pdf>. //

//"Literary Encyclopedia: Bow Street Runners."// The Literary Encyclopedia: Welcome//. Web. 07 May 2010. <http://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=1403>.//

"Local Government - Dedimus, Prededimus Protestatem, The Governance of Late Medieval England 1272–1461, Eirenarcha Local Government - Dedimus Protestatem, The Governance of Late Medieval England 1272–1461, Eirenarcha - Unemployment, Poverty, Theory, History, Development." Web.

Middleton, Iris. "Horse-Racing and the Yorkshire Leisure Calendar in the Early 18th Century." //Northern History// (2003). //EBSCO//. Web. 6 May 2010. <http://content.ebscohost.com.libproxy.sdsu.edu/pdf13_15/pdf/2003/PKB/01Sep03/10818856.pdf?T=P&P=AN&K=10818856&EbscoContent=dGJyMMTo50SeprU4y9f3OLCmr0ieprFSrqa4TbKWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPHa8Y2549%2BB7LH4S7errgAA&D=aph>.

//"Newgate Prison."// Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 04 May 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newgate_Prison.// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px;">"Tyburn." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 04 May 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyburn>.

//Ward, Joseph P. “Imagining the metropolis in Elizabethan and Stuart London.”// The Country and the City Revisited.// Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1999. 24-25. Print